Regional/National Identity Representation

Theorist Andrew Higson (1998) writes; "Identity is generally understood to be the shared identity of naturalised inhabitants of particular political-geographic space- this can be a particular nation or region."

One classic example in British Music Magazines of connoting it is a magazine for British readers is using the Union Jack Flag and colours.

Social Grade Representation

Richard Putsch (1992) says working class males in the media are presented as ; "Incompetent and ineffectual, often a buffoon, well-intentioned but dumb. In almost all working-class series, the male is flawed, some more than others.

Keith Gandal's, in 2002 he said that target audiences are drawn in by the; "Sentimental rags-to-riches story,"

Old Age/Disability Representation

Evans (1998),drawing on the works of Freud and other psychoanalysis, states: "Disable people are seen as childish, dependant and underdeveloped and are reading as 'other' and are punished by being excluded from ordinary life. Thus popular images and rhetoric of disabled people abound which comfort us with people who are imperfect,helpless, disgusting, dribbling- a threat to rigid ego boundaries."

Youth Representation

Stanley Hall (1904) argued that:
1. "The common mood of teenagers is a state of depression."
2. "Criminal activity increases between the ages of 12 and 24.
3. "Young people are extreme and need excitement; "Youth must have excitement and if it is not at hand in the form of moral intellectual enthusiasm it is more prone to be sought in; sex, drink or drugs""

Dick Hebdige (1988) termed: "Youth as fun," and "Youth as trouble maker."

Race/Ethnicity Representation

S.Hall said in 1981, blacks are stereotyped as; 'The social problem,' (Hall, 1981) and this is a stereotype that has been embraced by Hip-Hop culture.

Theorist Sarita Malik points out the obvious (1998); "The word 'race' in the cultural and political terrain has almost universally been aligned with Black and Asian people, as though they are only racial groups that 'own' and ethnicity... Whiteness has been naturalised, as though it is an invisible 'norm.' When of course an ethnic group like any other.

Malik argues: "Many feel that Black and Asian audiences are still not sufficiently catered for and that insensitivity towards issues of race and ethnicity still exist. The reality of a lived multiculturalism is not represented in the British Media."

Gender Stereotypes In The Music Industry

Stereotypes

What is a Stereotype?

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Cornish stereotypes:

Useful Theory:

Theorist Andy Medhurst (1998) said that: "Stereotypes are a form of magnification... the media takes a negative element then magnifies it to create an objection stereotype that allow the dominant group to feel more powerful,"